SymptomLast reviewed: 07 Feb 2026

Cough: Common Causes, Red Flags, and Suggested Tests

Understand dry vs productive cough, warning signs, likely causes, and what to do next.

Key Takeaways

  • Short-term cough is usually self-limited.
  • Breathlessness and blood in sputum are danger signs.
  • Persistent cough needs targeted clinical workup.

Red Flags: Seek Urgent Care

  • Immediate care is needed for breathlessness, chest pain, blood in sputum, bluish lips, confusion, or oxygen drop.

Quick Answer#

Cough is often due to viral infection, allergy, reflux, or airway irritation. Most improve with supportive care, but persistent cough needs evaluation.

Emergency Signs#

Immediate care is needed for breathlessness, chest pain, blood in sputum, bluish lips, confusion, or oxygen drop.

Common Causes#

Common cold, allergic rhinitis, asthma, sinus drip, reflux, smoking exposure, and chest infections are frequent causes.

Suggested Tests#

Depending on duration and exam findings, clinicians may suggest CBC, chest X-ray, spirometry, or infection-specific tests.

What To Do Now#

Hydrate, avoid smoke exposure, use steam inhalation where appropriate, and follow prescribed medicines.

When To See A Doctor#

Review is important if cough lasts more than 2 to 3 weeks, disturbs sleep daily, or is associated with fever, breathlessness, or weight loss.

Frequently Asked Questions

When is cough considered chronic?

A cough persisting beyond several weeks should be medically evaluated for chronic causes.

Do antibiotics help all cough?

No. Antibiotics are useful only for selected bacterial causes and should be clinician-prescribed.

Editorial & Medical Review

Author

PingMeDoc Editorial Team

Clinical Content Desk

Medical Reviewer

Dr Balaji Krishnan

MBBS, MBA

Medical Reviewer

Last Reviewed

07 Feb 2026

Content updates follow editorial and clinical review workflow.

References

  1. 1. CDC: Cough and respiratory illness guidance - CDC (2025) Source

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